Bats · The picks
Best youth baseball bats (2026): by league stamp, then by age
Ten bats across the USA, USSSA and BBCOR standards, organized the way a parent shops: which stamp the league requires, then which drop the kid can swing. Every certification is quoted from the maker; no bat here was swung by us.
By Mike M.Updated Sourced · gear tested by us: 0
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Quick picks
The rankings at a glance
| # | Product | Best for | Score | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Rawlings Icon USA (2026) Rawlings' flagship two-piece composite USA bat, sold in -12, -10, -8 and -5, so one model line covers a 7-year-old and a 13-year-old. The premium pick for a kid who plays a lot of Little League. | Best overall (USA, Little League)Ages 7–13 (-12 through -5) | 8.6 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 2 | Easton Hype Fire USA (2027) Easton's two-piece composite USA flagship, in -11, -10, -8 and -5. The direct rival to the Rawlings Icon and the other premium USA bat worth the money for a serious Little Leaguer. | Best USA, runner-upAges 7–13 (-11 through -5) | 8.6 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 3 | Rawlings Clout Ai USA (-10, 2026) A one-piece alloy USA bat with the maker's 'Optimized Speed Performance' balance: the sensible middle of the range for an 8-to-11-year-old in Little League. | Best value USAAges 8–11 (-10) | 8.5 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 4 |  Rawlings Icon USSSA (2026) The two-piece composite Icon with the 2 3/4 in USSSA barrel, in -10, -8 and -5. The travel-ball flagship that covers a 9U kid through the 13U -8 rule. | Best USSSA (travel)9U–13U (-10, -8, -5) | 8.6 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 5 | Easton Hype Fire USSSA (2027) Easton's Thermo Composite two-piece USSSA bat in -10, -8 and -5. The other flagship on every travel-ball field, and the Icon's direct rival. | Best USSSA, runner-up9U–13U (-10, -8, -5) | 8.6 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 6 | Rawlings Clout Ai USSSA (2026) A one-piece RED Alloy+ USSSA bat in -10, -8 and -5. The durable, cheaper travel-ball bat that still gets the 2 3/4 in barrel. | Best value USSSA9U–13U (-10, -8, -5) | 8.6 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 7 | Rawlings Threat USA (-12, 2026) A 100% composite, ultra-light -12 USA bat for the smallest kid-pitch players. The lightest-swinging full-barrel USA option in the Rawlings line. | Best for 7–9 (-12)Ages 7–9 (-12) | 8.3 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 8 | Easton Speed Comp USA (-13, 2027) A one-piece Hyperlite composite -13 with the full USA mark and a 2 5/8 in barrel: the lightest full-certification bat here, for the 6- or 7-year-old moving from tee ball to coach pitch. | Best for 6–7 (-13)Ages 6–7 (-13) | 8.4 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 9 | DeMarini Exile USA (-11 / -5, 2027) A one-piece X14 alloy USA bat in -11 and -5. The -5 is the rare USA-stamped bat built for a 13-year-old in Little League Intermediate or Junior. | Best USA -5 for 12–13Ages 7–8 (-11) or 12–13 (-5) | 8.1 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
| 10 |  Rawlings Clout Ai BBCOR (-3, 2026) A one-piece RED Alloy+ BBCOR bat with an extended barrel profile. The sensible first -3: durable, no break-in, and much cheaper than the composite flagships. | Best first BBCOR (14)13–14 and high school (-3) | 8.4 /10 | Check price · Amazon |
#ad · Prices are set by Amazon and change often, so we don't print them. Scores are ours, built from the governing bodies' certification rules, the makers' sizing charts and published specs, not our own testing. Photos are illustrative stock. Tap a row for the full write-up.
Which pick for which age
Most “best youth bat” lists are organized by product. Parents shop by kid. Use this table first, then read the pick it points to. Ages are the maker's and USA Baseball's guidance, not a rule; the youth bat size chart sizes by height and weight, which is more accurate than age alone.
| Kid | League | Drop to buy | Pick |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6–7, first kid-pitch or coach-pitch season | Little League / rec | -13 or -12 | Easton Speed Comp -13 or Rawlings Threat -12 |
| 8–9 | Little League / rec | -12 or -10 | Threat -12, or the Icon USA -10 |
| 9–11 | Little League / rec | -10 | Icon USA, Hype Fire USA, or the Clout Ai USA on a budget |
| 9–12 | USSSA travel | -10, then -8 | Icon USSSA, Hype Fire USSSA, or the Clout Ai USSSA |
| 12–13 | Little League Intermediate/Junior | -8 or -5 (USA) or BBCOR | Icon USA -5 or DeMarini Exile -5 |
| 13 | USSSA 13U | -8 maximum | Icon USSSA -8 |
| 14, or high school | USSSA 14U nationals, NFHS | -3 (BBCOR) | Clout Ai BBCOR |
How these were ranked
Five axes, weighted the way a parent buying for a kid would weight them (the full rubric is on the methodology page). Certification fit for the league, 30%: the stamp quoted from the maker's spec block and checked against the league rules on the stamp explainer. Swing weight for the age, 25%: the drops offered and the maker's balance label. Sting and forgiveness, 15%: two-piece construction, connection systems and dampers as the maker describes them; we have not swung these bats and say so. Durability reputation, 15%: alloy over composite for cold-weather rec seasons, and complaint patterns in retailer reviews. Value, 15%: what the bat delivers relative to the maker's list tier, without printing a price that will be wrong by Tuesday.
Stamp first, then drop, then everything else
The top three axes are really one decision made in order. The stamp is binary: a USSSA bat in a Little League game gets pulled, full stop. The drop is the next filter: a -10 is the common drop for 9 to 11, a -12 or -13 for the smallest kids, and -8 then -5 as they approach the BBCOR transition (see drop weight explained). Only after those two does construction matter, and there the honest summary is: two-piece composite bats (Icon, Hype Fire, Zen, Supra) cost more, need a break-in, should not be swung in freezing weather, and are what the maker describes as more forgiving on mishits; one-piece alloy bats (Clout Ai, Machine, Speed, Omaha) are cheaper, game-ready, cold-tolerant and sting more. For a first or second rec season, alloy. For a kid who plays 60 games a year, composite.
In detail
The picks, in full
Rank 1
Stock photoBest overall (USA, Little League)
Rawlings Icon USA (2026)
Rawlings' flagship two-piece composite USA bat, sold in -12, -10, -8 and -5, so one model line covers a 7-year-old and a 13-year-old. The premium pick for a kid who plays a lot of Little League.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | Ages 7–13 (-12 through -5) |
| Certification (quoted) | USA Baseball certification mark (USABat) |
| Certification | USA (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -5, -8, -10, -12 (maker listing) |
| Barrel | 2 5/8 in |
| Construction | 2-piece composite, In/Tense Carbon Composite barrel, Zero Loss collar connection |
| Swing weight | Tuned Balance Performance (maker's label) |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.6 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 9
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 9
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 7
- Value (15%)
- 6
What the spec sheet supports
- Four drop weights under one USA-stamped model, so the same bat family fits tee-ball-graduate through 13-year-old
- Two-piece design with a connection collar the maker says reduces vibration on mishits, which matters for a kid learning to hit
- USA stamp is legal in Little League Majors and below, and accepted at USSSA events (see the stamp explainer)
Where it falls short
- Composite barrels need a break-in period and the maker warns drop is not a reliable guide to actual weight as sold
- Premium price for a bat a growing kid will outgrow in two seasons
- One-year warranty is standard, not generous, for the money
Skip this if…
…your kid is in a first or second rec season; a one-piece alloy USA bat does the job for far less and survives cold spring practices better.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Rawlings Icon USA (2026)
Rank 2
Stock photoBest USA, runner-up
Easton Hype Fire USA (2027)
Easton's two-piece composite USA flagship, in -11, -10, -8 and -5. The direct rival to the Rawlings Icon and the other premium USA bat worth the money for a serious Little Leaguer.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | Ages 7–13 (-11 through -5) |
| Certification (quoted) | USA Baseball certification mark (USABat) |
| Certification | USA (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -11, -10, -8, -5 |
| Barrel | 2 5/8 in |
| Construction | 2-piece composite, 3D Ropecoil Composite, ConneXion Max connection, Opti-Flex handle, Power Boost soft knob |
| Swing weight | Light Swing Weight (maker's label) |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.6 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 9
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 9
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 7
- Value (15%)
- 6
What the spec sheet supports
- Four drops including a -11, the lightest premium USA option for a small 7- or 8-year-old
- Two-piece connection and soft knob the maker says reduce vibration
- Legal in Little League Majors and below; accepted at USSSA events
Where it falls short
- Composite needs break-in and warm weather
- Flagship pricing for a bat with a one-year warranty
Skip this if…
…the kid plays 12 games a year in rec ball; the alloy bats on this list hit the same certification for a third of the price.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Easton Hype Fire USA (2027)
Rank 3
Stock photoBest value USA
Rawlings Clout Ai USA (-10, 2026)
A one-piece alloy USA bat with the maker's 'Optimized Speed Performance' balance: the sensible middle of the range for an 8-to-11-year-old in Little League.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | Ages 8–11 (-10) |
| Certification (quoted) | USA Baseball certification mark (USABat) |
| Certification | USA (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -10 |
| Barrel | 2 5/8 in |
| Construction | 1-piece RED Alloy+, RevGrip |
| Swing weight | Optimized Speed Performance (maker's label) |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.5 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 8
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 6
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 8
- Value (15%)
- 9
What the spec sheet supports
- One-piece alloy: no break-in, ready from the first swing, and alloy holds up in cold weather where composite can crack
- Full 2 5/8 in barrel with the USA stamp, so it is legal in Little League Majors and below
- Priced well under the composite flagships
Where it falls short
- One drop only (-10); no -8 or -5 for the 12-to-13-year-old step up
- One-piece alloy transmits more sting on a mishit than a two-piece bat
Skip this if…
…your kid is 12 or 13 and heading toward -8 or -5; buy the drop the next division needs, not the one you are leaving.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Rawlings Clout Ai USA (-10, 2026)
Rank 4
Stock photoBest USSSA (travel)
Rawlings Icon USSSA (2026)
The two-piece composite Icon with the 2 3/4 in USSSA barrel, in -10, -8 and -5. The travel-ball flagship that covers a 9U kid through the 13U -8 rule.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USSSA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | 9U–13U (-10, -8, -5) |
| Certification (quoted) | USSSA 1.15 BPF certification mark |
| Certification | USSSA (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -5, -8, -10 |
| Barrel | 2 3/4 in |
| Construction | 2-piece composite, In/Tense Carbon Composite, Zero Loss collar |
| Swing weight | Tuned Balance Performance (maker's label) |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.6 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 9
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 9
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 7
- Value (15%)
- 6
What the spec sheet supports
- Three drops for the 9U-to-13U travel path
- 2 3/4 in barrel, the USSSA maximum
- Two-piece connection for less sting
Where it falls short
- NOT legal in Little League: the 1.15 BPF stamp is prohibited there
- Premium price; composite care
Skip this if…
…your kid only plays Little League or another USA-stamp league; this bat will be pulled by the umpire.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Rawlings Icon USSSA (2026)
Rank 5
Stock photoBest USSSA, runner-up
Easton Hype Fire USSSA (2027)
Easton's Thermo Composite two-piece USSSA bat in -10, -8 and -5. The other flagship on every travel-ball field, and the Icon's direct rival.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USSSA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | 9U–13U (-10, -8, -5) |
| Certification (quoted) | USSSA 1.15 BPF certification mark |
| Certification | BPF 1.15 (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -10, -8, -5 |
| Barrel | 2 3/4 in |
| Construction | 2-piece composite, Thermo Composite Technology, OptiFlex handle, Power Boost soft knob |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.6 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 9
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 9
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 7
- Value (15%)
- 6
What the spec sheet supports
- Two-piece composite with a flex handle and soft knob
- Three travel drops
Where it falls short
- Not legal in Little League
- Flagship price, composite care
Skip this if…
…the kid is on a USA-stamp league.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Easton Hype Fire USSSA (2027)
Rank 6
Stock photoBest value USSSA
Rawlings Clout Ai USSSA (2026)
A one-piece RED Alloy+ USSSA bat in -10, -8 and -5. The durable, cheaper travel-ball bat that still gets the 2 3/4 in barrel.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USSSA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | 9U–13U (-10, -8, -5) |
| Certification (quoted) | USSSA 1.15 BPF certification mark |
| Certification | USSSA (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -5, -8, -10 |
| Barrel | 2 3/4 in |
| Construction | 1-piece RED Alloy+, RevGrip |
| Swing weight | Optimized Speed Performance (maker's label) |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.6 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 8
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 6
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 9
- Value (15%)
- 9
What the spec sheet supports
- Alloy: no break-in, fine in a cold March tournament
- All three travel drops
Where it falls short
- One-piece alloy sting
- Not legal in Little League
Skip this if…
…your kid plays USA-stamp rec ball; buy the USA Clout instead.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Rawlings Clout Ai USSSA (2026)
Rank 7
Stock photoBest for 7–9 (-12)
Rawlings Threat USA (-12, 2026)
A 100% composite, ultra-light -12 USA bat for the smallest kid-pitch players. The lightest-swinging full-barrel USA option in the Rawlings line.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | Ages 7–9 (-12) |
| Certification (quoted) | USA Baseball certification mark (USABat) |
| Certification | USA (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -12 |
| Barrel | 2 5/8 in |
| Construction | 100% composite, fine-tuned composite layup, lightweight end cap |
| Swing weight | Ultra Lightweight (maker's label) |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.3 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 9
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 7
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 6
- Value (15%)
- 7
What the spec sheet supports
- -12 drop is the easiest full-barrel USA swing for a 7- or 8-year-old moving up from tee ball
- Composite barrel; the maker describes it as ultra lightweight
- USA stamp keeps it legal for Little League Minors and Majors
Where it falls short
- Composite at this price: needs break-in and should not be used in cold weather
- Outgrown quickly; most 10-year-olds have moved to -10
Skip this if…
…your kid is 10 or older or already strong; a -10 will serve longer.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Rawlings Threat USA (-12, 2026)
Rank 8
Stock photoBest for 6–7 (-13)
Easton Speed Comp USA (-13, 2027)
A one-piece Hyperlite composite -13 with the full USA mark and a 2 5/8 in barrel: the lightest full-certification bat here, for the 6- or 7-year-old moving from tee ball to coach pitch.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | Ages 6–7 (-13) |
| Certification (quoted) | USA Baseball certification mark (USABat) |
| Certification | USA (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -13 |
| Barrel | 2 5/8 in |
| Construction | 1-piece composite, Hyperlite Composite, Carbon Zero handle, Speed Cap |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.4 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 10
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 7
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 6
- Value (15%)
- 6
What the spec sheet supports
- Full USA mark (not tee-ball-only) at a -13 drop
- Big barrel for a small kid
Where it falls short
- Composite at the age most bats get dropped on concrete
- Outgrown by 8 or 9
Skip this if…
…your kid is 8 or older.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Easton Speed Comp USA (-13, 2027)
Rank 9
Stock photoBest USA -5 for 12–13
DeMarini Exile USA (-11 / -5, 2027)
A one-piece X14 alloy USA bat in -11 and -5. The -5 is the rare USA-stamped bat built for a 13-year-old in Little League Intermediate or Junior.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | USA bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | Ages 7–8 (-11) or 12–13 (-5) |
| Certification (quoted) | USA Baseball certification mark (USABat) |
| Certification | USA Baseball (retailer listing) |
| Drop / lengths | -11, -5 |
| Barrel | 2 5/8 in |
| Construction | 1-piece X14 alloy, Tracer end cap |
How the 8.1 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 7
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 6
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 8
- Value (15%)
- 8
What the spec sheet supports
- A -5 with the USA stamp for the Intermediate/Junior kid who is not yet on BBCOR
- Stiff one-piece feel the maker likens to BBCOR-style builds
Where it falls short
- No -10 or -8
- One-piece alloy sting
Skip this if…
…your 13-year-old's league lets him swing BBCOR; buy the BBCOR bat he will need in high school anyway.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to DeMarini Exile USA (-11 / -5, 2027)
Rank 10
Stock photoBest first BBCOR (14)
Rawlings Clout Ai BBCOR (-3, 2026)
A one-piece RED Alloy+ BBCOR bat with an extended barrel profile. The sensible first -3: durable, no break-in, and much cheaper than the composite flagships.
Spec sheetSourced · not tested by us
| Category | BBCOR bat |
|---|---|
| Fits | 13–14 and high school (-3) |
| Certification (quoted) | BBCOR .50 certification (-3) |
| Certification | BBCOR (maker spec) |
| Drop / lengths | -3 |
| Barrel | 2 5/8 in, extended barrel profile |
| Construction | 1-piece RED Alloy+, RevGrip |
| Swing weight | Optimized Speed Performance (maker's label) |
| Warranty | 1 year (maker) |
How the 8.4 score breaks down
- Certification fit for the league (30%)
- 10
- Swing weight for the age (25%)
- 7
- Sting and forgiveness (as described by the maker) (15%)
- 6
- Durability reputation (cited reports) (15%)
- 9
- Value (15%)
- 9
What the spec sheet supports
- Alloy: cold-tolerant, game-ready, survives a cage
- A fraction of the composite price for a bat the kid may only need one season before growing
Where it falls short
- One-piece sting on a -3 is real
- Fewer premium features
Skip this if…
…your kid is a strong 14-year-old headed to varsity; the composite may be worth it.
#ad · Price set by Amazon · Disclosure for the link to Rawlings Clout Ai BBCOR (-3, 2026)
Before you buy: the three checks
- Photograph the stamp. USA oval, USSSA thumbprint or BBCOR rectangle. If the model page does not state the certification, do not assume it.
- Do the length test. Stand the bat on its knob at the kid's side: the barrel should reach the hip, not the ribs. Then the arm test: kid holds the bat by the knob, arm out to the side, for 30 seconds without the barrel dropping. Details and the by-height chart are on the size chart.
- Keep the receipt and the wrapper. Wrong stamp, wrong length, or a league that changes its rule in January: an unswung bat with the sticker on is returnable; a bat with three games on it is not.
Composite or alloy for a kid?
The alloy vs composite page has the long version. The short version: alloy for tee ball, coach pitch and cold-weather rec; composite for a kid who hits a lot and complains about sting. Never leave a composite bat in a freezing garage or swing it under about 60°F; makers put that warning on the bat for a reason.
How we picked these
Gear we claim to have tested: 0
Plenty of sites say they swung every bat on the list in a lab. We don't say that, and we say so on every page. What we do instead: check each bat against the governing bodies' certification rules and the maker's stated stamp; compile sizing from the makers' own age, height and hand charts; read the published specs (drop, barrel, construction, closure, cleat type); and read the complaint patterns in retailer reviews for the “skip it if” line. Every figure links to where it came from.
Scores are editorial judgments from that documented research, not test results. Commissions never set a score or decide a pick. The rubric and its weights are published.
Questions parents ask
Frequently asked
What bat does my kid need for Little League?
What does drop 10 mean on a bat?
How much do youth baseball bats cost, and why are they so expensive?
Can you use composite bats in batting cages?
How long is a composite bat good for?
Is the pencil bat legal in Little League?
Keep reading
Related on Bat & Bucket
- USA vs USSSA vs BBCORWhich stamp your league uses, with the rules quoted.
- Youth bat size chartLength and drop by age, height and weight.
- Bat drop weight explainedWhat -10 means and which drop for which age.
- Best USA batsThe Little League list, by drop.
- Best USSSA batsThe travel-ball list, by drop.
- Youth baseball equipment checklistEverything else the season needs, one pick each.
Receipts
Sources
- Little League: Bat Information (rules by division)
- USA Baseball: USABat FAQ (wood-like standard, no drop limit, tee ball marking)
- BaseballMonkey: How to tell if a baseball bat is legal in 2026 (league-by-league summary)
- BaseballMonkey: USSSA bat rules by age
- Rawlings: 2026 Icon USA bat (specs, bat length by age/height table)
- Easton: 2027 Hype Fire USA bat (-11, -10, -8, -5)
- Rawlings: 2026 Clout Ai -10 USA bat
- Rawlings: 2026 Icon USSSA bat
- Easton: 2027 Hype Fire USSSA bat (-10, -8, -5)
- Rawlings: 2026 Clout Ai USSSA bat (-5, -8, -10)
- Rawlings: 2026 Threat -12 USA bat
- Easton: 2027 Speed Comp -13 USA bat
- Headbanger Sports: 2027 DeMarini Exile USA bat listing
- Rawlings: 2026 Clout Ai -3 BBCOR bat
We don't claim to have swung, worn or tested this gear, and we don't pretend to. Gear we claim to have tested: 0. Certification rules come from the governing bodies' own pages (Little League, USA Baseball, USSSA, NOCSAE), sizes from the makers' sizing charts, and specs from the maker's product page or the retailer listing named on each product. Amazon prices change often, so we don't print them. Where a figure isn't published, we say so. Read the full method.